'Long Leasehold System' Equivalents Abroad England and Wales?

I am interested in the 'Long Leasehold System' equivalents in countries abroad England and Wales. I am aware that the 'Long Leasehold System' is special to England and Wales, and that generally, foreigners are rather surprised when they find themselves unable to purchase a full freehold, but rather a long leasehold. However, as far as the equivalent systems in other countries are concerned, my knowledge is not extensive. Would anyone be able to provide me with details of the 'Long Leasehold' system equivalents within any countries abroad England and Wales (for example, the USA, China, France, Russia, Italy, etc.)? Under what systems does one buy property in countries abroad England and Wales (since the owner of a leasehold is usually unable to alter the exterior of his/her property, one can find many instances of rows of regimented old buildings on the streets of England and Wales, as opposed to irregular rows of new and expanding blocks of flats on streets in many part of the USA, for example - I am interested to discover whether or not the systems of property acquisition would explain the variation in the general appearances of buildings in different countries around the world). Thank you very much in advance for any information on the matter.